Final answer:
The final temperature when 1.00 kcal of heat is transferred to 1.00 kg of different substances initially at 20.0°C can be calculated using the formula ΔT = Q / (m*c). Specific heat capacities of the substances are required to determine the temperature change and thus the final temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The calculation of the final temperature when heat transfer is applied to different substances is a basic concept in thermodynamics, in the field of Physics. When 1.00 kcal (or 4184 Joules) of heat is transferred into 1.00 kg of a substance that is initially at 20.0°C, the change in temperature can be calculated using the specific heat capacity of the substance.
The specific heat capacity is a property that indicates how much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a certain mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
The formula to find the change in temperature is given by ΔT = Q / (m*c), where ΔT is the change in temperature, Q is the heat added, m is the mass of the substance, and c is the specific heat capacity of the substance. For each substance, we know m = 1.00 kg and Q = 1.00 kcal (4184 J), but we need to use the specific heat capacity (c) for water, concrete, steel, and mercury to find the final temperatures.
Using the known values of c for each substance, you will calculate ΔT for each and add this to the original temperature to find the final temperatures.