Final answer:
The shapes of the hybrid orbital sets are as follows: sp² is trigonal planar, sp³d is trigonal bipyramidal, sp is linear, and sp³d² is octahedral.
Step-by-step explanation:
The shape that describes each hybrid orbital set is as follows:
(a) sp² - This hybrid orbital set has a trigonal planar shape. It is formed by combining one s orbital and two p orbitals. An example of an element that has sp² hybrid orbitals is carbon in the molecule CH₃CH₃.
(b) sp³d - This hybrid orbital set has a trigonal bipyramidal shape. It is formed by combining one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital. An example of an element that has sp³d hybrid orbitals is phosphorus in the molecule PF₅.
(c) sp - This hybrid orbital set has a linear shape. It is formed by combining one s orbital and one p orbital. An example of an element that has sp hybrid orbitals is carbon in a carbon-carbon triple bond.
(d) sp³d² - This hybrid orbital set has an octahedral shape. It is formed by combining one s orbital, three p orbitals, and two d orbitals. An example of an element that has sp³d² hybrid orbitals is sulfur in the molecule SF₆.