Question

The same heat transfer into identical masses of different substances produces different temperature changes. Calculate the final temperature when 1.00 kcal of heat transfers into 1.00 kg of the following, originally at 20.0°C:

(a) water;
(b) concrete;
(c) steel; and
(d) mercury.

(a) 34.0°C
(b) 24.5°C
(c) 29.0°C
(d) 39.5°C

Answer 1

The final temperatures when 1.00 kcal of heat transfers into 1.00 kg of water, concrete, steel, and mercury, originally at 20.0°C, are 34.0°C, 24.5°C, 29.0°C, and 39.5°C respectively.

Step-by-step explanation:

The final temperature when 1.00 kcal of heat transfers into 1.00 kg of different substances can be calculated using the formula:

Final Temperature = Initial Temperature + (Amount of Heat / (Mass * Specific Heat))

Using the specific heat values for water, concrete, steel, and mercury (4.18 J/g°C, 0.84 J/g°C, 0.45 J/g°C, and 0.139 J/g°C respectively), we can calculate the final temperatures as:

(a) Water: Final Temperature = 20.0°C + (1000 g * 4180 J/g°C * 1.00 kcal) / (1000 g * 4.18 J/g°C) = 34.0°C

(b) Concrete: Final Temperature = 20.0°C + (1000 g * 4180 J/g°C * 1.00 kcal) / (1000 g * 0.84 J/g°C) = 24.5°C

(c) Steel: Final Temperature = 20.0°C + (1000 g * 4180 J/g°C * 1.00 kcal) / (1000 g * 0.45 J/g°C) = 29.0°C

(d) Mercury: Final Temperature = 20.0°C + (1000 g * 4180 J/g°C * 1.00 kcal) / (1000 g * 0.139 J/g°C) = 39.5°C