Final answer:
The electron configurations for oxygen, sodium, chlorine, and calcium are 1s²2s²2p⁴, 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹, 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵, and 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s², respectively. These configurations follow the principles that govern the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. For ions, adjust the configuration by the charge, following the orbital energy order.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves predicting the electron configurations of oxygen, sodium, chlorine, and calcium using complete subshell notation. This requires understanding how electrons fill orbitals following the Pauli exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and the Aufbau principle. Here are the electron configurations for the specified elements:
- Oxygen (O, atomic number 8): 1s²2s²2p⁴
- Sodium (Na, atomic number 11): 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
- Chlorine (Cl, atomic number 17): 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁵
- Calcium (Ca, atomic number 20): 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²
It is important to note that these configurations represent neutral atoms. To find configurations for ions, add or remove electrons according to the charge of the ion, while following the order of fill based on orbital energies.