Final answer:
Isotopes of Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen have been identified with their respective numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons. For hydrogen-1 it is 1 proton, 0 neutrons, and 1 electron; for carbon-12 it is 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons; for nitrogen-14 it is 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons; and for oxygen-16 it is 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The properties of isotopes of elements essential in our diet can be understood by determining the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each. Starting with hydrogen-1 (Hydrogen), which has an atomic number of 1:
- Protons: 1
- Neutrons: 0
- Electrons: 1
For Carbon-12 (Carbon), which has an atomic number of 6:
- Protons: 6
- Neutrons: 6 (12 - 6 = 6)
- Electrons: 6
Moving on to Nitrogen-14 (Nitrogen), with an atomic number of 7:
- Protons: 7
- Neutrons: 7 (14 - 7 = 7)
- Electrons: 7
Last is Oxygen-16 (Oxygen), which has an atomic number of 8:
- Protons: 8
- Neutrons: 8 (16 - 8 = 8)
- Electrons: 8