Final answer:
In neutral atoms, the number of protons and electrons is the same as the element's atomic number, and neutrons are calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the isotope's mass number. Uranium-238 has 92 protons and electrons and 146 neutrons. Carbon-14 has 6 protons and electrons and 8 neutrons. Sodium-23 has 11 protons and electrons, and 12 neutrons. Chlorine-35 has 17 protons and electrons, and 18 neutrons.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in neutral atoms of specific isotopes, first, it's important to know that:
The atomic number of an element indicates the number of protons in the nucleus and, in a neutral atom, also the number of electrons surrounding the nucleus.
The mass number of an isotope is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Here are the numbers for the isotopes you've asked about:
Uranium-238: Atomic number 92 (thus 92 protons and electrons) and 146 neutrons (238 - 92).
Carbon-14: Atomic number 6 (thus 6 protons and electrons) and 8 neutrons (14 - 6).
Sodium-23: Atomic number 11 (thus 11 protons and electrons) and 12 neutrons (23 - 11).
Chlorine-35: Atomic number 17 (thus 17 protons and electrons) and 18 neutrons (35 - 17).