Final answer:
The two types of areas where development is often prohibited due to flood risks are floodways and floodplains. These areas are particularly vulnerable to flooding, and regulations aim to protect lives and property by restricting development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two types of flood-prone areas where many communities prohibit development are c) Floodways, floodplains. These areas are at higher risk of flooding due to their natural geography. Floodways are channels meant to carry water during flood events, while floodplains are adjacent land areas that flood when a water body overflows. To protect both human lives and property, communities often limit or prohibit development in these vulnerable zones.
Coastal zones and river deltas are at risk of flooding but also face specific challenges such as sea level rise. Coastal zones, especially those in low elevations, may utilize wetlands as a natural protection against storm surges and flooding. The creation or conservation of wetlands is seen as an adaptation strategy to mitigate the impact of flooding in these areas. It is important for coastal cities to implement adaptation strategies like seawalls, levees, or even relocation of citizens to deal with rising sea levels and their associated risks.
Moreover, urban areas that are located in low-lying coastal regions face the threat of inundation causing displacement of large populations and economic loss. Reduced exposure to long stretches of open water can protect some coastlines from waves. Similarly, certain inland geographical features such as cut bank, point bar, and levee are linked with river systems and can influence the flow and spread of water during floods.