Question

Objective data include:

a. Subjective, influenced by emotions
b. Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased.
c. Biased, unrelated to reality
d. Emotional, unrelated to facts

Answer 1

Objective data refers to information that is factual, related to reality or physical objects, and not influenced by emotions or biases. Therefore, the correct answer is:

b. Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased.

Objective data is based on measurable and observable phenomena and can be verified by multiple individuals. It is free from personal opinions, emotions, or biases. Examples of objective data include measurements, statistics, observations, and scientific findings.

On the other hand, subjective data (option a) is influenced by emotions, personal opinions, and individual perspectives. It may vary from person to person and is not universally verifiable or consistent.

Options c and d, biased and emotional data unrelated to reality or facts, respectively, are incorrect. Objective data, by definition, should be unbiased and directly related to reality and facts.

It is important to differentiate between objective and subjective data when analyzing information and making informed decisions based on evidence and facts.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Objective data are factual and unbiased, serving as the foundation for scientific explanations and research. Subjective data, which includes opinions and emotions, cannot be proven through the scientific method and may introduce bias that influences the validity of research findings.

Step-by-step explanation:

Objective data are described as being fact-based and not influenced by emotions or bias, which correlates with option b: Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased. This type of data is crucial in scientific research and various fields of study, where empirical evidence is collected through observation, measurement, and testing to establish facts. In contrast, subjective data may include personal judgments, opinions, or emotions and is not based on empirical evidence. It is essential to distinguish between these two types of data to avoid the introduction of bias, which can sway opinion and affect the outcomes of research.

Scientific explanations must be subject to testing and are based on objective observations while recognizing that complete objectivity may not always be possible. Sociologists, among other researchers, strive to minimize personal bias when collecting and analyzing data, aiming for an unbiased presentation of their findings. However, readers are always encouraged to assume that some level of value bias may exist and consider the perspective from which the results are offered.