Final answer:
Approximately 99% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the body, which demonstrates the kidney's role in fluid and solute balance. The GFR is controlled by various factors including systemic blood pressure and hormonal regulation, ensuring efficient urine production.
Step-by-step explanation:
Glomerular filtrate is a liquid that is filtered from the blood into the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys. About 99% of this filtrate is normally reabsorbed by the body as it passes through the nephron, which highlights the efficiency of the kidneys in conserving water and solutes. The remaining 1% of the filtrate not reabsorbed becomes urine. The process of reabsorption is critical in maintaining fluid, and electrolyte balance, and preventing waste and excess substances in the blood from accumulating by excreting them in urine.
Several factors can affect the GFR, which is an excellent reflection of renal function. Increased systemic blood pressure, autoregulatory mechanisms, higher sympathetic nervous activity, and certain hormones such as angiotensin II and aldosterone can raise GFR. Conversely, conditions that reduce blood pressure or damage the glomerular structure will decrease GFR.
Autoregulatory characteristics of the kidney enable it to function normally across a range of systemic blood pressures, ensuring the precise regulation of glomerular filtration and thereby urine formation.