Question

What are the structural and functional similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts?

a) Both involved in photosynthesis; mitochondria produce ATP, chloroplasts produce glucose
b) Both have double membranes; mitochondria involved in cellular respiration, chloroplasts in photosynthesis
c) Mitochondria have chlorophyll; chloroplasts have enzymes for cellular respiration
d) Mitochondria are present in plant cells; chloroplasts are present in animal cells

Answer 1

Mitochondria and chloroplasts share a double membrane, DNA, and ATP production but differ in function and structure, with mitochondria having cristae and chloroplasts having thylakoids forming grana for photosynthesis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The structural and functional similarities and differences between mitochondria and chloroplasts are quite distinct. Both organelles have a double membrane, contain their own DNA, and are involved in ATP production. However, they differ significantly in their roles and internal structures. Mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration, a process of producing ATP by breaking down organic molecules, and have inter-membrane space and inner folds called cristae. On the other hand, chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis, using carbon dioxide, water, and light energy to make glucose and oxygen. Chloroplasts contain accessory pigments in structures known as thylakoids, which form stacks called grana and are surrounded by a fluid called the stroma.