Final answer:
In bacteria, reactions similar to mitochondrial ATP synthesis and chloroplast photosynthesis occur at the cell membrane, with cyanobacteria utilizing infolded regions called thylakoids for photosynthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reactions comparable to the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP and photosynthesis, which in eukaryotic cells occur in the mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively, take place in different locations in bacteria due to their lack of these membrane-bound organelles. Photosynthesis and ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, occur at the cell membrane. Cyanobacteria, a type of photosynthetic bacteria, perform photosynthesis using infoldings of the plasma membrane to which chlorophyll is attached, also known as thylakoids.
ATP synthesis in prokaryotes, similar to eukaryotic oxidative phosphorylation, also occurs in the plasma membrane where a protein connects the extracellular space to the cytoplasm, and a proton gradient is established across this inner membrane to generate ATP.
Although bacteria do not have organelles, the reactions of ADP phosphorylation to ATP and photosynthesis still occur in the cytoplasm of bacteria. The cytoplasm is where most cellular activities, including metabolic pathways, take place in prokaryotic cells. Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, have infoldings of the plasma membrane for chlorophyll attachment and photosynthesis.