Final answer:
To find images in different cases using a concave mirror and a convex mirror, you can use ray tracing with a ruler and a protractor. By drawing various rays and identifying their intersections, we can locate the images. This involves drawing parallel rays, rays through the focal point, and rays striking the center of the mirror, depending on the location of the object and the type of mirror.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ray Tracing with Ruler and Protractor
To find the images in different cases, we can use ray tracing with a ruler and a protractor. Let's go through each case:
(a) Concave mirror, object within focal length:
Draw two rays from the object to the mirror. One ray should be parallel to the optical axis, and the other ray should pass through the focal point before striking the mirror. The point where these two rays intersect will be the location of the image.
(b) Concave mirror, object farther than focal length:
In this case, draw a ray from the object parallel to the optical axis, and another ray that strikes the center of the mirror. These two rays will intersect and form the image.
(c) Convex mirror, object within focal length:
For a convex mirror, draw a ray from the object parallel to the optical axis, and a second ray that appears to come from the focal point behind the mirror. The point of intersection of these two rays will be the image location.
(d) Convex mirror, object farther than focal length:
Draw a ray from the object parallel to the axis, and a second ray that passes through the focal point. These two rays will intersect to form the image.
(e) Repeat (a)-(d) for a point off the axis:
To find images for points off the axis, follow the same procedure but draw diagonal rays instead of straight rays from the object to the mirror.