Final answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors. It is not caused by a single factor and varies greatly in severity. Despite misconceptions, intelligence levels among those affected can range widely.
Step-by-step explanation:
Autism, or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a spectrum of symptoms, including challenges with social interaction, difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, and a tendency to engage in repetitive behaviors or have restricted interests. It is not merely a psychiatric condition related to serotonin imbalance, nor solely a mental disability caused by lack of cognitive development, and it is not a congenital condition caused by factors such as malnutrition or birth complications. Instead, ASD is a pervasive developmental disorder that affects individuals differently, with a range of severities and manifestations.
While the causes of ASD are not completely understood, genetic factors, like specific mutations in several genes, have been associated with the disorder, though no single genetic cause accounts for all cases. Environmental factors may also play a role, although well-publicized concerns linking vaccines to autism have been discredited. It is also important to clarify that intelligence is not necessarily impacted by ASD; while some may experience intellectual disabilities, others possess average or above-average intelligence and believe that their brains simply process information differently.