Final answer:
The termed practice is known as the Doctrine of Absolute Ownership, where landowners can pump water without restriction from beneath their land. This practice is outdated and modern doctrines focus on sustainable and shared use of water resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe that anyone who owns land above a subterranean water reservoir can pump an unlimited amount of water for any purpose is known as the Doctrine of Absolute Ownership or English rule, though it's not amongst the options given. If we had to choose from the provided options, none directly corresponds to the principle described, but the closest incorrect options would be either (a) The Artesian Doctrine or (d) The Subterranean Water Liberty, as both imply some form of water extraction rights. However, historically, the Doctrine of Absolute Ownership was upheld in English common law and was adopted by many U.S. states during the 1800s, particularly in the Eastern states. This doctrine allowed landowners to extract groundwater without limit, and it contributed to the water supply crisis we see in various parts of the world today.
With growing awareness of the environmental limitations and the collaborative nature of water resources, modern law tends toward the Riparian Doctrine and the Reasonable Use Doctrine, both of which advocate for more sustainable and considerate use of water, particularly in the Western U.S. The recognition of groundwater and aquifers as finite resources necessitates careful management and legal frameworks that prevent overexploitation and ensure a sustainable water supply for the future.