Question

High-velocity charged particles can damage biological cells and are a component of radiation exposure in a variety of locations ranging from research facilities to natural background. Describe how you could use a magnetic field to shield yourself.

a) A magnetic field cannot shield against high-velocity charged particles.

b) Create a magnetic field perpendicular to the particle's velocity to deflect it away.

c) Surround yourself with a magnetic field parallel to the particle's velocity to absorb the energy.

d) Generate a magnetic field in the direction of the particle's velocity to block its path.

Answer 1

A magnetic field can shield against high-velocity charged particles by being configured perpendicular to their velocity, causing them to follow curved paths away from the shielded area. Earth's magnetic field offers an example of this protective effect, while particle accelerators demonstrate control over charged particles through magnetic fields.

Step-by-step explanation:

High-velocity charged particles, such as those from cosmic rays or radioactive materials, can be deflected by magnetic fields. To use a magnetic field to protect against these particles, one would create a field perpendicular to the direction of the particle's velocity. This configuration exerts a Lorentz force on the particles, causing them to curve and be deflected away from the shielded area. If a particle's velocity and the magnetic field are perpendicular, the force felt by the particle is strongest, resulting in the particle following a circular or spiral path, effectively protecting an area from radiation.

Devices such as particle accelerators utilize magnetic fields to control the paths of charged particles, demonstrating this principle. On a larger scale, Earth's magnetic field acts as a shield against cosmic rays, showing how effective a magnetic shield can be against high-velocity charged particles.

However, it is important to note that magnetic fields do not protect against all types of radiation. Neutrally charged particles, such as neutrons, or electromagnetic radiation, like gamma rays, are not affected by magnetic fields and require different types of shielding.