Final answer:
Most current would flow from the sharp edge of a scalpel in high-voltage electric surgery due to the intensified electric field at the edge, and high-frequency AC is used because it minimizes tissue damage and enhances safety. So, the correct option is a) and b).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of certain surgical procedures, high-voltage electricity is used in conjunction with a metal scalpel to cut through tissue. The current is expected to flow predominantly from the scalpel's sharp edge because of the nature of electric fields on the surface of conductors. Specifically, at very sharp points, the electric field is greatly intensified, which promotes the discharge of electrons in what is known as a corona discharge. This principle is applied in surgical devices where the focused current at the sharp edge contributes to a controlled and precise cutting effect.
As for the frequency of the alternating current (AC) used, higher frequencies are beneficial in medical applications because of selective effects on body tissue. Higher frequency currents tend to flow more on the surface, which minimizes deep tissue damage and reduces the risk of harm to sensitive internal organs like the heart. This quality plays a crucial role in procedures such as burning off warts or during surgeries to ensure that only the targeted tissue is affected. Hence, most of the current flows from the sharp edge due to the intense electric field provided by the pointed geometry and the fact that high-frequency AC is used for both precision and safety. This minimizes unintended damage to surrounding tissues and critical organs.
The correct option from the provided list is:
• Current flows from the sharp edge due to increased electric field intensity at the edge
• High-frequency AC is used for precision and safety