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Why do voltage, current, and power go through zero 120 times per second for 60-Hz AC electricity?

a) AC is inherently intermittent.

b) Power stations use a 120 Hz frequency.

c) The nature of sine wave cycles.

d) Zero is a reference point in AC.

1 Answer

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Final answer:

Voltage, current, and power go through zero 120 times per second in a 60-Hz AC circuit due to the sine wave's two zero crossings per cycle, resulting in 120 crossings with 60 cycles per second.

Step-by-step explanation:

Voltage, current, and power go through zero 120 times per second for 60-Hz AC electricity primarily due to the nature of sine wave cycles.

A single cycle of a sine wave for AC power consists of both a positive and a negative excursion from the zero line, which means that the wave will cross the zero line twice during one cycle. Since we're dealing with 60-Hz AC electricity, we have 60 cycles per second.

Each cycle has two zero crossings (once when going from positive to negative, and once when going from negative to positive), resulting in a total of 120 zero crossings per second.

Furthermore, these characteristics of AC power result in a fluorescent light bulb brightening and dimming at a rate of 120 times per second, as the current flows back and forth through the filament.

This is also why power, which is the product of voltage and current (P=IV), fluctuates with the alternating current and voltage, showing zero power at the instances of zero current and voltage.

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