Final answer:
The statement about the ureter is true; it emerges from the kidney's hilum and runs behind the parietal peritoneum along the psoas muscle, conveying urine to the bladder through peristaltic contractions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'Ureter emerges from the hilum of the kidney and runs vertically downward behind the parietal peritoneum along the psoas muscle' is true. The ureters are indeed part of the urinary system that arise from the renal pelvis in the hilum of each kidney. After urine is formed in the nephrons, it drains into the calyces of the kidney, which then merge to the renal pelvis. From there, the ureters carry urine to the bladder. The ureters run retroperitoneally, positioned behind the parietal peritoneum and are anchored between the peritoneum and posterior abdominal wall. During this course, they lie over the psoas muscle. The motion of urine through the ureters to the bladder is facilitated by peristaltic contractions generated by smooth muscles in the walls of the ureters; gravity does not play a role in this process.