Final answer:
The statement concerning the main renal vein emerging anterior to the renal artery at the renal hilus is false. The correct order from anterior to posterior is the renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'The main renal vein emerges from the renal hilus, anterior to the renal artery' is false. In the arrangement of the structures at the renal hilum, the renal artery is located anterior to the renal vein, not the other way around. Blood enters and exits the kidney at the renal hilum, and the renal blood supply begins with the branching of the aorta into the renal arteries which further subdivide into segmental, interlobar, arcuate, and cortical radiate arteries. The renal veins trace the path of the arteries and return cleansed blood to the inferior vena cava. The artery, vein, and renal pelvis are arranged in an anterior-to-posterior order at the renal hilum.