Final answer:
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a person or device. Authorization is the process of granting or denying access based on the authenticated identity. Accounting and auditing involve tracking and analyzing user actions and resource usage.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process of identifying an individual is called authentication. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a person or a device, typically through the use of credentials such as passwords, PINs, or biometric data. It ensures that the person or device accessing a system or resource is who they claim to be.
For example, when you log into your email account and enter your username and password, the system authenticates your identity by comparing the provided credentials with the stored ones. If they match, you are granted access.
On the other hand, authorization is the process of granting or denying access to specific resources or actions based on the authenticated identity. Accounting refers to the process of tracking and recording user actions and resource usage, while auditing involves reviewing and analyzing the recorded data to ensure compliance, identify potential security breaches, or investigate incidents.