Final answer:
A packet-filtering firewall is the type that filters traffic based on IP address and ports, operating at the network layer without inspecting the packet's payload or tracking connection states.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of firewall that filters packets based on IP address and ports is known as a packet-filtering firewall. These firewalls work at the network layer and make decisions about whether to allow or deny traffic based on predefined rules. For instance, a packet-filtering firewall may be configured to block all traffic coming from a specific IP address or to allow traffic destined for a particular port number associated with a service, like port 80 for web traffic. Unlike more advanced firewalls such as stateful or application-level firewalls, packet-filtering firewalls do not keep track of the state of the connections or inspect the data within the packet payloads.