Final answer:
A security group is a type of group that can be assigned rights and permissions in computer security. This facilitates the administration of these permissions across users and devices within a network. Distribution groups are used for email communications, and SAM is a security database, not a group type.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of computer security and access control, the type of group that can be granted rights and permissions is a security group. Security groups are used to collect user accounts, computer accounts, and other security groups into manageable units. They ease the administration of rights and permissions across a network since permissions and rights are assigned to the security group, and then those permissions are inherited by all members of the group.
A distribution group, on the other hand, is used primarily in email applications for sending notifications to a collection of users and is not used in the context of security permissions. The term 'authorizing' does not refer to a group type, but rather to the process of giving authority or permission to users or groups. SAM (Security Accounts Manager) is a database on Windows operating systems that stores user accounts and security information but is not itself a type of group.