Final answer:
The ssh-keygen utility generates a key pair and the public key is typically stored in the authorized_keys file on the SSH server.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ssh-keygen utility is used to generate key pairs for SSH authentication. When you generate a key pair using ssh-keygen, it creates two files. One is your private key, which should be kept secure and confidential, and the other is your public key. The public key is placed in a file named authorized_keys on the SSH server in your user account's ~/.ssh/ directory. This is done to establish a trust relationship between the client and the server. The private key remains on the client machine and should never be shared.