Final answer:
Cholera is the disease most notably caused by water contaminated with fecal matter, predominantly due to the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Effective sanitation and hygiene practices are crucial in preventing such waterborne diseases. Cholera can be fatal if not promptly treated, highlighting the importance of clean water supplies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Water that has been contaminated by the feces of humans and other animals is most notably responsible for Cholera. This disease is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which can be transmitted through water or food that has been contaminated with fecal matter from infected individuals. Symptoms of cholera include severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration, which can be fatal if not treated promptly.
Modern sanitation measures are necessary to prevent cholera outbreaks; these include proper treatment of water supplies and wastewater, as well as educating the public about the importance of hygiene practices. Contaminated water is a serious health issue worldwide, and it is responsible for numerous cases of waterborne diseases that can lead to high mortality rates, especially in areas with inadequate sanitation infrastructure.