Final answer:
a) Temperature and precipitation
The abiotic factors that affect ecosystems include temperature and precipitation, hence option a) is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The abiotic factors that affect ecosystems include variables such as temperature, precipitation, sunlight, soil nutrients, and salinity. Therefore, the correct answer to which of the following variables are abiotic factors that affect ecosystems is: a) Temperature and precipitation. These factors play a key role in influencing both the nonliving and living components of ecosystems. Temperature and moisture, for example, are critical in determining plant growth, and factors such as sunlight and temperature deeply influence aquatic biomes. It's through the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors that the uniqueness of a biome and its ecosystem is defined.