Final answer:
In the context of business globalization, 'higher employee turnover' is not considered an advantage, whereas 'increased customer reach', 'lower operational costs', and 'potential for global expansion' are benefits that support economic growth and international trade.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking for the identification of an argument that is not valid for a student to use when discussing advantages of the McDonaldization of society or the globalization of a business. The options provided include:
- Increased customer reach
- Lower operational costs
- Higher employee turnover
- Potential for global expansion
Out of these options, higher employee turnover is generally not considered an advantage. It is associated with negative outcomes such as lost productivity, increased training costs, and potential for decreased employee morale. On the other hand, increased customer reach, lower operational costs, and the potential for global expansion are all recognized as substantial benefits of international trade and economies driven by efficiency and standardization.
Based on provided references, it is demonstrated that international trade can help small economies to achieve economies of scale while benefiting from competition and variety. Moreover, international agreements can help counterbalance domestic special interests, preventing protectionist measures that might limit trade. Businesses and economies can grow by seizing opportunities for expansion and by improving productivity, hence higher employee turnover would not align with these advantages.