Final answer:
b) Record the transaction in the journal
The next step in the measurement process after analyzing a transaction's impact is to record it in the journal, leading to maintaining the double-entry accounting system and ensuring each transaction is reflected in the ledger.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the accountant analyzes the impact of a transaction on the accounting equation, the next step in the measurement process is to record the transaction in the journal. This step involves creating a journal entry that details the financial transaction's effects on the company's accounts, respecting the double-entry accounting system where every debit has a corresponding credit. Once the transaction is recorded in the journal, it will subsequently be posted to the ledger, which is a collection of accounts that shows the changes made to each account as a result of transactions over a period of time.