Final answer:
The Hawthorne effect refers to individuals changing their behavior when they know they are being observed as part of a study. It is a concept originally discovered during research at the Hawthorne Works.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hawthorne effect, as described in the question, refers to the phenomenon where individuals change their behavior when they know they are being observed as part of a study. It is a concept that was discovered during research conducted at the Hawthorne Works and has since been widely recognized in various fields. The Hawthorne effect is focused on the individual's reaction to being observed, rather than the group's behavior.