Final answer:
Scientific management, established by Frederick Taylor, emphasized efficiency and productivity through tasks standardization and was focused on economic and labor productivity, not primarily on human behavior and relations.
Step-by-step explanation:
False. Scientific management, developed by Frederick Taylor, focused primarily on improving economic efficiency and labor productivity through workflows analysis and synthesis, not directly on how human behavior and relations affect organizational performance. Taylor's approach, also known as Taylorism or stop-watch management, concentrated on standardizing work tasks and enhancing productivity with less emphasis on personal interaction or employee well-being. Time-motion studies were used to break down and standardize tasks to increase efficiency, and the overall goal was to enhance profitability for the employer and output for the employee.
The Theory X management style described by Douglas McGregor, which perceives employees as needing to be closely supervised and inherently disinclined to work, is somewhat aligned with Taylor's perspective on management. However, it should be noted that McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y are concepts developed later that recognize different managerial beliefs about human behavior in the workplace, blending ideas from scientific management and human relations.