Final answer:
Physical hazards cause skin and eye damage due to UV and infrared rays; ultraviolet radiation is particularly harmful to living tissues and can lead to skin cancers and cataracts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The hazards causing skin and eye damage due to UV and infrared rays are Physical hazards. The portion of the electromagnetic radiation from the sun most harmful to living tissues is the ultraviolet (UV) portion. Exposure to UV radiation can lead to somatic or genetic damage, including various types of skin cancers and eye conditions like cataracts. Gamma rays and X-rays are additional forms of high-energy radiation that can cause cell damage, with gamma rays being the most penetrating and potentially causing serious health effects if not properly managed and protected against.