Final answer:
True, Theory X managers see their workers as untrustworthy and unmotivated, in contrast to Theory Y managers who view employees as self-motivated and responsible.
Step-by-step explanation:
True, Theory X managers view their workers as untrustworthy and unmotivated. This management theory assumes that employees are inherently lazy and need to be monitored closely to ensure they complete their tasks. Employees are seen as preferring to avoid work, lacking ambition, avoiding responsibility, and requiring external control and coercion to do their jobs.
Theory X is often compared to Theory Y, which takes a more optimistic view of worker motivation. Theory Y managers believe that employees are self-motivated, enjoy work, seek responsibility, and can be creative with problem-solving. Under Theory Y, management is participative, engaging employees in goal setting and problem-solving, and using rewards and incentives rather than punishments.