Final answer:
A period consisting of 12 consecutive months or 52 weeks is called a fiscal year, which is different from a calendar year, solar year, and lunar year.
Step-by-step explanation:
A period consisting of 12 consecutive months or 52 weeks is called a fiscal year. Option (a) Fiscal is the correct answer. A fiscal year is used for accounting purposes and for preparing financial statements. It can start on any day of the year and ends 12 months later. This differs from a calendar year, which starts on January 1st and ends on December 31st, and a solar year, which is the time it takes for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun (approximately 365.25 days). A lunar year is based on the cycles of the Moon's phases, which is about 354.37 days, shorter than a solar year.