Final answer:
The speed of induction and emergence with volatile anesthetics is influenced by the blood-gas partition coefficient and solubility, as well as by factors like alveolar ventilation and cardiac output.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks about the factors that influence the speed of induction and emergence when using volatile anesthetics. The correct answer to this question is the blood-gas partition coefficient and solubility. This is because the blood-gas partition coefficient affects the solubility of the anesthetic in the blood. A lower coefficient indicates that the anesthetic is less soluble in blood and therefore will have a faster onset of action (induction) and faster recovery (emergence) upon cessation. Similarly, alveolar ventilation and cardiac output can also affect the induction and emergence of volatile anesthetics. Increased ventilation can speed the delivery of the anesthetic to the alveoli and result in a quicker induction, while high cardiac output can deliver the anesthetic more rapidly throughout the body.