Final answer:
Acute Mountain Sickness results from exposure to high altitudes and low oxygen pressure, leading to symptoms like lightheadedness and nausea, and is treated primarily by descending to lower altitudes or using supplemental oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute mountain sickness (AMS), commonly known as altitude sickness, is a condition triggered by acute exposure to high altitudes, and is particularly prevalent at altitudes above 2400 meters (8000 feet). The primary cause of AMS is the low partial pressure of oxygen found at higher elevations, which leads to decreased blood oxygen levels and difficulty in immediate adaptation by the body. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, lightheadedness, drowsiness, disorientation, increased pulse, and nosebleeds. Serious cases may result in pulmonary or cerebral edema. Treatment for AMS is principally descending to a lower altitude, but can include supplemental oxygen and pharmacologic treatments to alleviate symptoms. To assist with altitude acclimatization, the body increases erythrocyte count by enhancing the secretion of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys, and individuals can prevent AMS by ascending gradually, which gives the body time to adjust to the oxygen levels and pressure at higher elevations.