Final answer:
2-chloroprocaine is primarily metabolized by plasma esterases through hydrolysis, not by cytochrome P450 enzymes, liver enzymes like MAO or COMT, or via renal pathways.
Step-by-step explanation:
The metabolism of 2-chloroprocaine occurs predominantly through hydrolysis by plasma esterases, which is a process observed in drugs like procaine and acetyl salicylic acid. The hydrolysis results in the breakdown of the ester linkages in 2-chloroprocaine, ultimately rendering it inactive. This is different from drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP), which can be influenced by genetic polymorphism in the population, potentially leading to changes in efficacy and toxicity. Hepatic metabolism of substances, such as ethanol, includes oxidation processes, but 2-chloroprocaine is typically not a substrate for liver enzymes like Mono-Amine Oxidase (MAO) or Catechol-O-Methyl-Transferase (COMT). Additionally, renal metabolism is not a primary pathway for the excretion of 2-chloroprocaine metabolites as they are often hydrolyzed into inactive forms that may be excreted differently.