Final answer:
Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) is determined by the diastolic arterial pressure and the central venous pressure. These factors reflect the pressure gradient that facilitates coronary blood flow during diastole, which is essential for myocardial oxygenation and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The determinants of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) are closely related to the factors that influence cardiac output and blood pressure. Cardiac output is influenced by the heart rate and stroke volume, and these, in turn, affect the blood pressure. CPP is particularly dependent on the diastolic arterial pressure and the pressure in the cardiac chambers during diastole, specifically the central venous pressure. Thus, the correct answer to the question about the determinants of CPP would be diastolic blood pressure and central venous pressure, since these reflect the gradient across which coronary blood flow occurs during the cardiac cycle.
CPP is crucial for ensuring that the heart muscle, the myocardium, receives adequate oxygenation and nutrients through the coronary arteries. It is primarily during diastole that these coronary arteries fill. Elevated diastolic blood pressure ensures forward flow into the coronary circulation, whereas central venous pressure reflects the back pressure against which the heart must work to perfuse itself. It is this balance that is necessary for proper myocardial function, and changes in these pressures can have profound effects on heart health.