Final answer:
Ketamine's pharmacodynamics include its NMDA receptor antagonism, sedation, and clinical effects, but not emergence reactions, as these are considered side effects.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ketamine pharmacodynamics involve the study of the drug's physiological effects and its mechanisms of action. The pharmacodynamics of ketamine includes its mechanism of action as an antagonist of the NMDA glutamate receptor, its clinical effects such as providing sedation and anesthesia, and the potential for emergence reactions. However, sedative properties are directly associated with ketamine's pharmacodynamics, so they should not be listed as an exception. Therefore, ketamine pharmacodynamics involve everything listed except for emergence reactions, as they are a potential side effect rather than a directly intended pharmacodynamic property.