Final answer:
Cognitive psychology is the school of thought that studies thinking, memory, and judgment. It gained prominence after the cognitive revolution in the 1950s, which marked a shift from behaviorism to a focus on mental processes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cognitive Psychology
The school of thought that studies the mental processes of thinking, memory, and judgment is d) Cognitive psychology. This field of psychology is dedicated to examining how people think and attempts to explain cognitive processes such as how we organize thoughts and information. Cognitive psychologists delve into topics like intelligence measurement, problem-solving abilities, and the impact of emotional intelligence in various settings.
During the 1950s, the cognitive revolution emerged, marking a shift from the behaviorism approach that focused on observable behavior to a deeper focus on mental processes. This change coincided with advancements in neuroscience and computer science, which facilitated a more comprehensive understanding of the brain's functions.
Behaviorism, which had dominated psychology by focusing on external behavior without the mediation of thought, was surpassed by cognitive psychology in its quest to understand the intricacies of human cognition and its effects on behavior.