Final answer:
Nationalism in Southwest Asia fueled independence movements and led to the reshaping of political boundaries. It was influenced by the decline of the Ottoman Empire and the global spread of nationalist ideologies, which resulted in the emergence of new nation-states. The correct answer is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Southwest Asia changed as a result of nationalism primarily through option b) Fueled independence movements, reshaped political boundaries. The rise of nationalism led to a significant transformation in the political landscape of the region. Influenced by the global spread of nationalist ideas and the weakening of imperial powers such as the Ottoman Empire, peoples in Southwest Asia began to assert their right to self-determination. This sentiment fueled independence movements that eventually led to the decline of colonial rule and the redrawing of political boundaries to reflect new national identities.
During the interwar years, the Ottoman Empire ceased to exist, and nationalist movements throughout the former empire intensified, leading to the creation of new nation-states and the modification of colonial borders. Colonized peoples resisted European dominance, with the idea of self-determination encouraging various societies to challenge imperial control and establish independent nations.
This wave of nationalism also resulted in numerous political and social changes, with new governments emerging and existing power structures being challenged. It set a precedent that incited other regions, such as Latin America, to follow similar paths towards independence, with varying consequences on their economies and political systems.