Final answer:
Dehydration of a frozen breaded chicken patty due to extreme cold causes freezer burn, which is the sublimation of water from the food resulting in a mottled appearance, but does not necessarily spoil the food.
Step-by-step explanation:
The kind of damage that results from dehydration of a frozen breaded chicken patty due to extreme cold is known as freezer burn. Freezer burn occurs when water sublimes from the frozen food, leaving behind an unattractive, mottled appearance. This damage does not mean the food has spoiled, but it may affect its texture and taste. To prevent freezer burn, it is recommended to lower the freezer's temperature and to wrap food tightly before freezing, thus limiting the space for water to sublime into.