Final answer:
Technological advancements have led to specializations in smart manufacturing, wireless networks, and the processing of large amounts of data. The correct answer to the question is D. All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The rapid changes in technology over the past few decades have spurred specializations in various sectors. These include smart manufacturing, which integrates computerized robots and systems to streamline production processes, reducing the number of people needed in factories. Another area is wireless networks, which have become essential for facilitating communication and data transfer in the burgeoning information economy. Additionally, the capability to handle the processing of enormous amounts of data, often referred to as 'big data', has become crucial due to the growth of online industries and the digital production of goods. Hence, the correct answer to which specializations were spurred by technological changes is D. All of the above.