Final answer:
The mesoderm forms a significant number of body structures such as the heart, blood, bones, muscles, and kidneys; therefore, the statement about the mesoderm forming most body parts is true. However, the central nervous system arises from the ectoderm, not the mesoderm.
Step-by-step explanation:
Formation of Body Parts by Germ Layers
The statement "Of the three germ layers, the mesoderm forms the most body parts." is true. The three germ layers—endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm—are essential in the embryonic development of multicellular organisms. These layers differentiate and give rise to various tissues, organs, and body systems.
The mesoderm gives rise to a significant number of body structures, including the heart, blood, bones, muscles, and kidneys. In comparison, the endoderm forms the lining of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract, and the ectoderm forms structures such as the nervous system, epidermis, eyes, and inner ears.
Therefore, the incorrect statement among the options is "The mesoderm gives rise to the central nervous system." The central nervous system actually arises from the ectoderm, not the mesoderm.