Final answer:
A modem is the device that connects a home network to an ISP using a cable connection to enable broadband Internet access, which can work in conjunction with a wireless WiFi router.
Step-by-step explanation:
The device used to establish a broadband network connection from your home network to the Internet Service Provider (ISP), using your cable connection, is a modem. This device is essential in today's Internet infrastructure as it modulates and demodulates the data coming through the cable line into digital signals that computers can understand. The data exchanged consists of binary bits, allowing for the communication over the Internet. A wireless WiFi router can also be involved in this process, which uses microwaves in the 2.4 GHz to 5.0 GHz range to allow devices to connect wirelessly to the Internet. The debate over Net Neutrality highlights the varying demands different Internet activities place on a network and raises questions about how broadband services should be provided.