Final answer:
To identify fluid retention in infants, weight measurement is the most accurate method. Skin elasticity can also offer clues, but is less reliable for fluid retention. The Apgar score is used right after birth to assess a newborn's general wellbeing based on five criteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The best way to identify fluid retention in infants is through weight measurement. Monitoring the infant's weight can indicate changes in fluid status since rapid changes in weight are usually due to fluid gains or losses. Skin elasticity is another method that can provide clues about dehydration status but isn't as reliable for detecting fluid retention. Other assessments, such as the color of the urine, are useful in evaluating the hydration status but may not be as definitive for assessing fluid retention. Urine osmolality tests can also provide insights into the concentration of particles in the urine, which reflects the kidneys' ability to concentrate or dilute urine based on fluid balance.
After birth, infants undergo significant systemic changes to adapt to life outside the womb. The Apgar score, introduced by Dr. Virginia Apgar in 1952, is used to assess the general wellbeing of a newborn. This scoring system evaluates five criteria—skin color, heart rate, reflex, muscle tone, and respiration—immediately following birth and again at five minutes. High scores suggest that the newborn is adjusting well.