Final answer:
Trichology is the study of hair and scalp health, and it is a specialized field within dermatology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The scientific study of the health of hair and scalp is known as Trichology. It is a branch of dermatology that focuses on the diseases and issues related to hair and scalp. Trichologists are specialists who diagnose and treat hair and scalp conditions.
By contrast, Dermatology is the broader field of medicine that deals with skin, hair, and nails, Podiatry specializes in foot care, and Cosmetology involves the professional application of beauty treatments including hair care. The health of skin and hair is significant as both serve as protective barriers against pathogens, with the skin providing a shield through layers like the dermis and epidermis, and the hair helping to protect against environmental damage.