Final answer:
An IP Address is what identifies on which network a computer is located and differentiates it from all other devices on the same network.
Step-by-step explanation:
The component that identifies on which network a computer is located and differentiates the computer from all other devices on the same network is the IP Address (a). An IP Address, which stands for Internet Protocol Address, is a unique set of numbers separated by periods that identifies each device using the IP standard to communicate over a network. On the other hand, a MAC Address (b) is a hardware identification number that uniquely identifies each device on a network but doesn't specifically locate it within a larger network or route data to it. A Subnet Address (c) is used to divide larger networks into smaller, more efficient subnetworks, and a Gateway Address (d) refers to the device that acts as the entry point to another network.