Final answer:
The blank spaces in the student's question should be filled with 'Forces' and 'Infantry', indicating Sumerian kings controlled professional forces, and most of their soldiers were infantry, equipped for combat.
Step-by-step explanation:
Sumerian kings controlled professional forces with metal helmets, bronze weapons, and uniforms. Some soldiers fought from four-wheeled carts pulled from donkeys, but most, armed with long spears and swords, were infantry. Therefore, the correct answer to the fill-in-the-blank question is b) Forces, Infantry.
Assyrian military advancements included the introduction of a permanent cavalry and a trained standing army of infantry, marking significant evolutions in ancient military strategies. The Assyrians were innovative in military technology and organization, and they dominated their neighbors due to their efficient and well-funded military forces.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was effectively a military state, with a focus on taxation and bureaucracy to maintain their army. They also manufactured iron weapons in large numbers and invented a messenger service with horseback messengers to command their vast territories.
In the field of military warfare, innovations like the two-wheeled chariot and crossbow rendered older technologies like four-wheeled chariots obsolete. The art of war evolved dramatically throughout history, moving from chariot-based battles to large-scale infantry confrontations, signifying an evolution of military organizations and technologies.
Collectively, these historical insights demonstrate the importance of infantry in the context of the question asked by the student.