Question

Select ALL of the conditions that prevented France, Germany, Austria, and Russia from industrializing:

a well-developed middle class


serfdom & peasantry

a weak middle class


the peasant class joined the modern labor force


revolution


flexible class divisions

Answer 1

Serfdom & peasantry, a weak middle class, the landowning nobility's resistance and Industrial Revolution were key factors that hindered industrialization in France, Germany, Austria, and Russia. The correct answer is option b., c. and e.

Step-by-step explanation:

The conditions that prevented France, Germany, Austria, and Russia from industrializing included serfdom & peasantry, a weak middle class, and rigid social structures like the landowning nobility that resisted changes which could threaten their established privileges. In Russia, the vast majority of the population were serfs and peasants tied to the land, lacking any significant middle class to drive change. France's industrialization was concentrated in the northeast due to coal deposits and a preference for high-quality luxury goods, while a rebellion in Austria led to the end of serfdom. Additionally, while a middle class emerged during the Industrial Revolution, it was too weak in these countries to accelerate industrialization significantly.