Final answer:
The query pertains to the 'third civilization' developing along the coast of Peru, known as Caral-Supe, between 3000-1800 BCE, which corresponds to option d) Peru. This highlights one of the many cradles of civilization that arose independently around the globe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Cradles of Civilization
The development of early civilizations was a groundbreaking period in human history, marking significant advancements in various regions around the world known as the "cradles of civilization." This term refers to areas where the first complex societies formed, with notable examples being Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and ancient China. Mesopotamia, identified as the birthplace of Western Civilization, was where essential technologies and political structures like empires and bureaucracy originated. Among the early Mesopotamian empires were Sumeria, Babylon, and Assyria, while ancient Egypt, starting around 3100 BCE, built a sophisticated society along the Nile River.
Another region was the Indus Valley, where early civilizations like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro flourished. These civilizations laid the foundations for many aspects of modern society, including agriculture, urban planning, and social hierarchy. Despite starting in the Middle East, this concept of civilization spread across different continents including the Andes in South America, exemplified by the civilization of Caral-Supe in Peru between 3000-1800 BCE.
As a recap of the student's question, a 'third civilization', developed along the coast of Peru, Caral-Supe between 3000-1800 BCE corresponds to option d) Peru.