Final answer:
The Neolithic Revolution involved the shift from hunting and gathering to settled agricultural/farming life, which is answer (b) Neolithic Revolution. This period was marked by the start of civilizations and was a transformational time in human history.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Neolithic Revolution was the profound social transformation that occurred when humans moved from a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering to settled agricultural communities. This shift led to larger populations due to the ability to produce food surpluses, the domestication of animals, and the specialization of labor. The Neolithic Revolution, beginning around twelve thousand years ago, ultimately paved the way for the formation of human civilizations. Not all societies transitioned into farming; some remained hunter-gatherers due to the impracticalities of farming or the high costs versus benefits.
The art and architecture from Neolithic sites like Çatalhöyük and Göbekli Tepe reflect a transitional period for modern humans, showcasing a high degree of skill and cooperation amongst communities. Through these remnants, we gain insights into the lives at this pivotal time in human history. As the Neolithic period marked the end of the Stone Age, it witnessed the advent of agriculture and sedentism, which eventually led to the foundation of the first cities and civilizations, such as those around the Four River Valley Civilizations.